ІНКЛЮЗИВНА ОСВІТА: ГУМАНІСТИЧНІСТЬ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ США
Keywords:
inclusive education, special education, individuals with disabilities, humanistic approach, legislature, rightsAbstract
The article considers the legislation of special education in the USA that established the equal rights for people with disabilities. We found out that public schools were required to serve all the children with the disabilities in the mid-70s of the 20th century. Before that millions of children with disabilities were deprived of the educational services. There were attempts of federal courts to require public schools to stop discriminating people on the basis of the disability referring to the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. .Public Law 94-142 completely changed the attitude to the children with disabilities by creating educational rights to them. The U.S. humanistic policy was reinforced by two other federal laws: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (Amendments of 1973) and the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This legislature had a great impact on the nation, fueling interest to the matter and involving politicians, researchers to work towards improvement educational services for children with disabilities.
References
2. Lewit E. M. Children in Special Education / E. M. Lewit, L. S. Baker // Special Education for Students with Disabilities. – 1996. – Vol. 6, № 1. P. 139 151.
3. Martin E. W. The Legislative and Litigation History of Special Education / E. W. Martin, R. Martin, D. L. Terman // Special Education for Students with Disabilities. – 1996. – Vol. 6, № 1. P. 25 39.
4. Mills V. Board of Education, 348 F. Supp. 866 (1972).
5. Public Law 34–5 (2/16/1857) An Act to Establish the Columbian Institute for the Deaf and the Dumb.
6. Public Law 45–186 (3/3/1879) An Act to Promote the Education of the Blind.
7. Public Law 85–804 (1958) National Defense Education Act.
8. Public Law 85–926 (9/6/58) An act to Encourage Expansion of Teaching in the Education of Mentally Retarded Children through Grants to Institutions of Higher Learning and to State Educational Agencies.
9. Public Law 88–164 (10/31/63) Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963.
10. Public Law 89–10, 64 Stat. 1100 (1965) Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
11. Public Law 93–380 (1974) Education of the Handicapped Act.
12. Public Law 94 142 (1975) Education for All Handicapped Children Act.
13. Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 334 F. Supp. 1257 (E.D. PA 1971).
14. Public Law 101–336(1990) Americans with Disabilities Act. 15. Public Law 101–476 (1990) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
16. Smith v. Robinson, 468 U.S. 992 (1984).
17. U.S. Congress, Committee on Education and Labor, Select Subcommittee on Education. Hearings. 93rd Cong., lst sess., 1973.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 INTERNATIONAL CHELPANOV’ PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL READING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
